Tire basic purpose — to soften pushes and the blows transferred to a suspension bracket of the car, to provide reliable coupling of a wheel with a road covering, controllability, to transfer to road traction and brake forces. Substantially the coupling factor, passableness depends on the tire in various road conditions, fuel consumption and the noise created by the car during movement. Besides, the tire should provide the set load-carrying capacity, reliability and durability.
Tires are subdivided:
Depending on a skeleton design — on diagonal and radial;On a way of hermetic sealing of internal volume — on chamber and tubeless; as racetrack drawing — road (summer, all-weather), universal, winter, the raised passableness;
On a profile of cross-section section.
Diagonal tires. You, most likely, shouldn't choose tires to this sign as diagonal already almost are completely forced out from the market by the radial. The design of diagonal tires has become outdated, but them continue to let out in small amounts because they are rather cheap in manufacture. Unique advantage of these tires consists that at them is stronger. The diagonal tire has a skeleton from one or several pairs the layers located so that threads of the next layers cross.
Cord - the layer of a fabric consisting of frequent strong threads of a basis and rare thin threads a duck which provide good cord threads, high flexibility and durability. The cord is made of a cotton, viscose or kapron fibre. Now application finds a material having threads, twisted of a steel wire, thickness about 0,15 mm. There are also more expensive materials which can't receive mass distribution because of the dearness.
Radial tires. In the radial tire a skeleton cord will pull from one board to another without a tipping over of threads. The direction of a tension of threads appears from the name. The thin soft cover of a skeleton on an external surface is fitted by a powerful flexible belt from a high-strength inextensible cord, as a rule, the steel. Therefore to an inscription radial (radial) on tires often add belted (surrounded) or steel belted (surrounded with a steel). Such arrangement of layers of a cord reduces pressure in threads that allows to reduce number of layers, gives to a skeleton elasticity, reduces and resistance.
Skeleton - the major power part of the tire providing it durability, perceiving internal pressure of air and transferring loadings from the external forces operating from road, on a wheel. The skeleton consists of one or several layers imposed against each other a cord. Depending on a design of a skeleton, the sizes, a safe load and pressure of air in the tire the number of layers of a cord in a skeleton can change 1 (in automobile) to 16 and more (in cargo tires)
The part of the tire consisting of layers of a cord and located between a skeleton and a protector of the tire. It serves for improvement of communications of a skeleton with a protector, prevents its peeling under the influence of external and centrifugal forces, will amortize shock loadings and raises resistance of a skeleton to mechanical damages. Cord threads in adjacent layers are crossed with each other and with threads of a cord of an adjoining layer of a skeleton, located, irrespective of a tire design. In radial tires more rigid, strengthened and a little extensible.
Protector - the massive layer of high-strength rubber adjoining to road at of a wheel. On an external surface it has relief drawing in the form of ledges and flutes between them, so-called "racetrack". The protector protects a skeleton from mechanical damages, wear resistance of the tire and coupling of a wheel depends on it with road, and also noise level and vibrations. Drawing of a relief part defines fitness of the tire for work in various road conditions. As drawing of a protector of the tire share on four basic groups: road (summer, all seasonal), universal, winter, the raised passableness.
Humeral zone - the part of a protector located between a racetrack and of the tire. It increases lateral rigidity of the tire, perceives a part of the lateral loadings transferred by a racetrack and improves connection of a protector with a skeleton.
The part of the tire located between a humeral zone and a board, representing rather thin layer of elastic rubber being continuation of a protector on lateral walls of a skeleton and protecting it from a moisture and mechanical damages. On designations and marks of tires are put.
Board - a rigid part of the tire, the employee for its fastening and hermetic sealing (in case of tubeless) on a wheel rim. A board basis is the inextensible ring weaved from steel of a wire. Consists of a layer of a cord of the skeleton wrapped round a wire ring, and round a rubber filling cord. The steel ring gives to a board necessary rigidity and durability, and a filling cord - solidity and elastic transition from a rigid ring to rubber. From board outer side the on board tape from a rubberized fabric, or a cord, protecting a board from about a rim and damages at installation and dismantle is located.
In what only conditions it is not necessary to work to automobile tires. One flourish in city streets or highways, others work in villages on country roads and impassability, the third - both here and there. In a word, service conditions the diversified, in conformity with which tires also are divided into groups. The tire accessory to this or that group is defined not only type of drawing of a protector, but also quality of the used rubber mixes, details of internal structure.
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